Understanding Ice Dams

Hey there, 

 As winter approaches, homeowners must be aware of ice dams—those pesky barriers of ice that can form along the edges of roofs and gutters. Understanding what ice dams are, how they form, and the best strategies for prevention can save you from costly damage and repairs.

WHAT ARE ICE DAMS?

Ice dams are ridges of ice that build up along the eaves of a roof, preventing melting snow from draining off. When the snow on the roof melts due to heat escapting from the house, the water runs down the roof until it reaches the colder eaves, where it refreezes and accumulates, creating a dam. This trapped water can then back up under shingles and leak into the home, leading to significant interior damage, including mold grow and structural issues.

HOW DO ICE DAMS FORM?

Ice dams typically form through a combination of the following factors:

1. Heat loss from the home: warm air rising from the living spaces heats the roof surfaces causing snow to melt.

2. Snow accumulation: a significant snowfall increases the potential for melting and refreezing.

3. Cold Eaves: the edges fo the roof are colder due to the lack of insulation and airflow, leading to the refreezing of melted snow.

4. Poor insulation and ventilation: insufficient insulation allows heat to escape, while poor ventilations traps warm air in the attic.

PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Preventing ice dams requires a proactive approach to home maintenance. Here are effective strategies:

1. Improve Insulation:

Ensure your attic is well-insulated to prevent heat loss. Aim for a minimum of R-38 insulation in the attic to keep heat from escaping into the roof.

 2. Enhance Ventilation:

Proper ventilation allows cold air to flow through the attic, helping maintain a consistent temperature across the roof. Use ridge vents, soffit vents, or gable vents to improve airflow.

3. Install Ice and Water Shields:

Consider adding ice and water barrier membranes along the eaves and valleys of your roof. These products are designed to prevent water from seeping under shingles.

4. Clear Snow from Roofs:

After heavy snowfall, remove snow from the roof using a roof rake, especially along the eaves. This helps reduce the amount of water that can freeze and form ice dams.

5. Regular Maintenance:

Inspect your roof and gutters regularly for debris and ensure proper drainage. Clean gutters to prevent blockage that can trap water.

6. Heat Cables:

In extreme cases, consider installing heat cables along the roof edge and in the gutters. These cables can help melt snow and ice, preventing buildup.

SOLUTIONS FOR EXISTING ICE DAMS

If you discover ice dams on your roof, it's essential to address them promptly:

1. Remove Snow:

Carefully remove snow from the roof using a roof rake. Avoid climbing onto the roof as this can be dangerous.

2. Use a De-icing Product:

Place calcium chloride or another de-icing agent in the dammed areas to help melt the ice. Never use rock salt, as it can damage roofing materials.

3. Call a Professional:

If ice dams are severe or persistent, consider hiring a roofing professional to assess the situation and recommend solutions.

Ice dams can cause significant damage if not managed properly, but with the right preventative measures, homeowners can protect their roofs and interiors from winter's challenges. By improving insulation, ensuring adequate ventilation, and maintaining your roof, you can help prevent ice dams and enjoy a worry-free winter.